A reconstruction of the Earth's beating heart over a billion years, illustrating the connection between deep-seated convection currents (just above the core-mantle boundary), tectonic plate movements, and the authors' cities in green (Sydney, Qingdao, Leeds, Austin).

The mantle convection video below is based on a "mantle reference frame" that optimises the positions of the plates and their boundaries relative to the mantle, a necessity for understanding the connection between deep-seated mantle upwellings and surface volcanism - Dietmar Müller

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Model data and additional videos > https://lnkd.in/gAGvhC3Y and

Open-access Solid Earth paper >  https://lnkd.in/g94zcE_T